Understanding Operating System (OS) concepts is essential for a Computer Programmer interview. Here’s a breakdown of key OS topics you should be familiar with: 1. Processes and Threads Process: Definition: A program in execution. It is an active entity that has its own memory space. States: New: Process is being created. Ready: Process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. Running: Process instructions are being executed. Waiting: Process is waiting for some event (e.g., I/O). Terminated: Process has finished execution. Process Control Block (PCB): A data structure in the OS that contains information about the process (e.g., process state, program counter, CPU registers, memory limits). Thread: Definition: The smallest unit of a process that can be scheduled for execution. Threads within the same process share the same memory space. Multithreading: Multiple threads within a single process, allowing for parallel execution. Use Case: Increases application responsiveness and